L'accord Haavara ou
l'accord de tranfer
In Hebrew called: הֶסְכֵּם הַעֲבָרָה
Les mots Hebreux de l'intitulé peuvent être rendus par: heskem haavara et traduiit en français moderne par: "l'accord de transfer" est un accord entrel'Allemagne National Socialiste et le congrès International Sioniste qui fut signé le 25 Août 1933.
This political and economical agreement was finalised after three months of negociations by the Sionist Federation of Germany, the Anglo- Palestine Bank which was under the directive of the Jewish Agency and the economic authorities of National Socialist Germany. It was a major factor in making possible the migration of approximately 60,000 German Jews to Palestine in 1933–1939.
The agreement enabled Jews fleeing harassment and molestation by the S.A. under the Adolf Hitler's regime to transfer some of their assets to Palestine which was by then under British authority. Emigrants sold their assets in Germany to pay for essential goods (manufactured in Germany) to be shipped to Palestine.
The Haavara agreement was controversial and was criticized by many Jewish leaders both within the Zionist movement, such as the Jewish leader Zeev Jabontski and outside it, as well as by members of both the National Socialist Deutsche Arbeiter Partei ( Adolf Hitler's party) and the German public.
For German Jews, the political agreement offered a way to leave a hostile environment in Germany; for the new Jewish community in Palestine, it offered access to both immigrant labour and economical support.
For the Germans, it facilitated the emigration of German Jews while breaking the Anti Nazi boycott of 1933, which had mass support among European Jews and was thought by the German state to become a potential threat to the German economy.
The Haavara Agreement was negotiated by Eliezer Hoofein, the director of the Anglo-Palestine Bank, and was agreed to by the Reich Economics Ministry in 1933, and continued, with declining German government support, until it was wound up in 1939.
Under the agreement, Jews emigrating from Germany could use their assets to purchase German-manufactured goods for export, thus salvaging their personal assets during emigration.
The agreement provided a substantial export market for German manufactures in British-ruled Palestine. Between November 1933 and 31 December 1937, 77,800,000 Reichmarke, or $22,500,000, (values in 1938 currency) worth of goods were exported to Jewish businesses in Palestine under the program.
By the time the program ended with the start of World War II, the total had risen to 105,000,000 marks (about $35,000,000, 1939 values).
